Transmitting apparatus.



H. SHOEMAKER. TRANSMITTING APPARATUS. -APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 10 1907 932,820, Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

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m1, AW 6. ,EM Q5 HARRY BKOEKAKER,

OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB '10 INTERNATIONAL TELE- GRAPH CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TRANSMITTING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 31, '1

Application filed August 19, 1907. Serial No. 389,132.

New Jersey. have invented certain new and useful lm n'ovements in Transmitting Apparatus, 0. which the following is a specification.

My invention relates totransmittling ap- .10 paratus, and particularly transmitting apparatus for employment in a system of signaling, telcgraphing, telephoning, or for other purposes, wherein electroa'adiant energy is transmitted through the natural media.

It is the object of iny invention to provide transmitting apparatus, for systems as above mentioned, which will impress upon the natural media electro-radiant energy derived from clLa-trical oscillations produced without the usual spark gap hereto em pl oycd More nirticularly, it is the object of my inventiml to produce clectro-radiant. energy ore so comm nly derived from an oscillating circuit. which, in

turn, derives its energy from a relatively low potential source as compared with the potentials heretofore employed, the oscillating circuit having relatively great on acit-y 80 and relatively low self-induction. Tie grrangenient for securing such i'eat capacity and low fifllf-llltl'lltfiltlll is a eature of my intention and com noses a plurality of pairs of inductance am capacity connected in 85 parallel with each other, the total capacity icing then the sum of the individual capacities. while the. inductances connected in parallel, an inductance for each capacity, gives an cite-ct of very low self-induction.

40 With a great capacity thus secured a great whargc can be stored in the condensers at relative low otentia'l. And upon discharge tie'qscil ations lack persistency due to the low self-induction. The capacity or capacities of the oscillation circuit quickly take up in this relation a large'charge, "and when permitted to discharge, the discharge is very powerful and notfpersistent, the frequency of oscillation beinglow as compared with the frequency of the;,clectro-radiunt energy. In inductive or other relation with the oscillation circuit as described, is another circuit whose natural frequency is very high, equal to that of the electro radiant energy, and this circuit consists preferably of a condenser and a self-induction, no spark gap being employed. The properties of the oscillatlon circuits heretofore doscrilmd having very great capacity, in discharging are able to quickly and powerfully charge the last circuit mentioned, which then discharges at a natural frequency which is very high and produces the electro-radiant energy.

1* or an illustration of one of the forms my invention may take and whenemployed in a telegraph system, reference is to be had to the acmunpanying drawing.

Between the aerial conductor A and the earth connection E is connected a variable portion of the inductance I). A variable portion of the inductance I is also connected in circuit with the condenser C, thus forming an oscillating circuit of very high frequency which has no spark gap and whose resistance is nmintaincd as low as possible. In inductive relation with the inductance D are the four inductances'L, L,'L?, and L and in series with each of these inductances is a condenser K, K, K and K". The lnductances L, L, L and L" have very low inductance,

'while the condensers K, K, K and K" have relatively very great capacity. The four series of condensers and indnctances are connected in parallel with each other, and each condenser and its inductance is so adjusted that the product of the inductance and capacity. shall be equal to or very closely equal to the product of the inductance and caiacity of each of the other three branches. he terminal common to the condensers K. K, K and K is connected to the vibratory iced or armature. R, while the terminal common to the four inductunces L, L, L and L is connected to the contact 71. The contact I: is connected through the operators key k [with one terminal of the generator G whose other terminal connects with the contact a. The generator G is am suitable source of current, preferably a (ircct current generator orhattery delivering current at say 500 volts present-ct The reerh R is vibrated,

either at its natural period or at some other period, so as to contact alternatel with the contacts a and b. As a means or accomplishing this vibration, there may be provided an electro-magnet 0 connected in series with the battery B and the electro-magnet f whose spring retracted armature It is normally in engagement with the contact 9 connected to one terminal of the winding f," when the armature it is so in engagement with the contact y it is attracted by the electro-niagnet f breaking the circuit of the electro-ma met 0, such circuit being immediately reiistab ished again and again broken in rapid succession. The reed R is then vibrated at corresponding rate by the elcctro magnet c.

Assuming the reed It in contact with a, and the operatofs he 10 closed, the condensers K, K, K tlllt K are all charged from the generator G through their respective inductances. The resistance of the cir cuit isanade as low as possible so that the charging is very rapid, the condensers very prompt v coming to the potential of the generator G. The reed R continues vibrating however, and swin s over to contact I), thus isolating the con ensers and inductances from the generator G. Since the condensers have been charged up to the otential or ver nearly to the potential of t e generator and the potential of that generator being relatively low, there is no substantial spark at a. Similarly the otentials of the con-' densers being relative y low no spark lea s between the reed R and the contact b, as comes into contact with b. When contact has been made between R and b the condensers K, K, K and K? dischar through the inductances L, L, L and L, t e contact b and the reed, the frequency of the dissince the discharge densers K, K, 2

charge being low as compared with the electro-radiant ener y to be emitted from the conductor A. ince the capacity of this oscillating circuit is very high and the inductance very low, the discharge .will not be )ersistent, but will die out relatively quickly. he condenser C being connected to the in-' -d-uctance D-whieh is-in inductive relation to all the inductances-L, L, L and L is practically instantaneously fully char ed, and

of the circuit 0 the .0021- I and K dies out quickly, the condenser is left to discharge through the inductance D, the natural frequency bein vcrylhigh as determinedby the capacity 0 In thiscircuit the inductance may be larger in comparison with the capacity of (3 than the relation between the indnctances L, L,'I3"' and I) and the capacities of the condensers K, K, K and K. These-high frequency the conductor A in the well known manner. The effect is, therefore, to very quickly charge the condensers K, K, K and K, and they discharge very rapidly, thus, in eltect, electrically strikinga b ow to the condenser C charging it practically instantaneously. The reed R may perform several cycles during the closure of the operators key In to representa telegraphic dot, and, of course, It performs morevcycles duriag the times that the key is held depressed a. represent a dash.

While the generator G is spoken of as having a pressure of 500 volts, it is to be understood that other pressures may be employed, even though a thousand or more volts; for even with a thousand or more volts the striking or sparking distance is extremely small. If the reed R oscillates or vibrates at. afrequency corresponding with the natural frequency .of the circuit containin the condensers K, K, K 'and K and lnductances L, L, L and L", the sparking at a and I) will he a minimuln'and practicall zero. In any event, the sparking at a and b is prac tically nothing as compared with the sparks heretofore used in wireless telegraphy and the like forming a bridge for the oscillations. But in the case of the circuit containing condenser C and inductance D, there is no gap at all and it is this circuit which produces the oscillations which are radiated.

While I have shown four pairs of condensers and inductances, it is to be understood that other numbers may be employed, even a single pair suflicing in some cases. In any case, the capacitvis made very great and the charge and extremely quick discharge as heretofore described for the purposes of more etficiently affecting the circuit containing condenser C and inductance D to produce the high frequenc oscillations. connecting pairs of con ensers and inductances in parallel as showmhowever, the capacity may be caused to greatly predominate over the inductance. l liythe up aratus shown, it is possible to generate hi frpquency electro-radiant en-' t 'rgy, there stage group or train of high "eqaency waves oreach c cle of the reed It. And the number of eye es of the reed It may be made reat or small as desired. When this rate 0 the reed It or other switching means is made very high, as for example, higher than the limits of audition, these circuits may be advantageously employed for telephony. When referring to a source of current of relatively low voltage or )otential, I refer to aholtnge or potential so low that disruptive sparking, as it has heretofore been understood in this art, does not. take place or is impossible. For example, heretofore in the oscillations produced in the circuit containing the COIN enser C are then radiated from art a high potential current was derived inductance smal so as to secure the quickvery high pofrom a step-up transformer,

a condenser, or

tential being in'ipresscd upon other means, and sufiicient to produce a spark across a very cgnsiderable gap, the sparkin being disruptive and serving as a bridge tor oscillations. In my arrangement. herein described and claimed, there is no disruptive sparkin".

i rhat I claim is:

1.- ;In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity. the capacity greatly predominating, and the pairs connected in parallel, means for charging the capacities to low potential, and means for discharging said capacities.

'2. In transmitting apparatus. an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging the capacities, and means for discharging said capacities through acloscd circuit containing only said capacities and inductanccs.

3. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, the prot net of capacity and inductance of each pair being substantially identical with that of every other pair, said pairs of itiductance and capacity being connected in parallel, means for charging the capacities to low potential, and means for discharging said capacities through a closed circuit.

4. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance. and capacity, the pairs connected in parallel and the total capacity greatly predominating, the prodnctof the inductance and capacity of each pair being substantially identical with that of every other pair, means for charging the capacities to low potential, and means for discharging said capacities through a closed circuit. I

5. Intransmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance aiidciipacity, the pairs connected in parallel and the total capacity being relatively great, means for charging said ca acities to low potential, and means for discharging said capacities.

(i. In transmitting apparatus, a n oscillating circuit containing pairs ot i ntluetance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel and the total capacity being relatively great, a direct current sourccfor charging said capacities, and means for discharging said capacities.

a 7. In transn'iitt ngapparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and-capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, incansfor charging and discharging said capaeities';-,aiid an associated oscillation circuit from said first mentioned deriving energy circult andliaving a higher natural period.

8. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillation circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, the capacity greatly predominetting, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging and discharging said capacities, and an associated oscillating circuit of higher natural frequency deriving energy from said first mentioned oscillating circuit.

9. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity,said pairs connected in parallel, means forcharging and discharging said ea pacities, and an associated oscillating circuit of higher natural frequency inductively related to said first mentioned oscillating circuit and deriving energy therefrom.

10. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity,the pairs connected in parallel, means for charging and discharging said capacities, and an associated o. :illation circuit of higher natural frequency closed directly through a capacity and inductance,

it. in transmitting apparatus. an oscillating circuit coi'itaining pairs of inductance aml capacity,said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging and dischar ing said capacities, said. capacities great y predominating whereby the oscillations in said circuit are not persistent, and an associated oscillation circuit deriving energy from said first mentioned oscillating circuit. the oscillations in said associated circuit being persistent.

12. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillation circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging said capacities, means for discharging said capacities through a path including only said capacitics and said indnctances, and an associated oscillation circuit deriving energy from said first mentioned oscillation circuit, the oscillations in said oscillation circuit being more persistent than those in said tirst mentioned circuit.

13. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillatio'n circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected imparallel, and an associated oscillatin circuit, the oscillations in said associated circuit bib ing of higher frequency than'the oscillations in said first inentionet circuit, and the.persistency of the oscillations in said associated circuit being greater than the persistency of the oscillations in said first mentioned circult.

14. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and on )acity, said pairs connected in parallel, am a vibrating member for alternately char in said capacities to low potential and for t isc iarging said capacities."

15. In transmitting apparatus,

c llatin lating circuit containing pairs of inductance and ca acity, said pairs connected in parallel an the total capacity hein relatively great, and means for periodical y charging suideapacities to low potential and for dis charging said capacities.

16. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel,- the total capacity of said circuit hcin relatively great, means for charging sai capacities to low potential, signaling means, and a radiator in operative relation with said oscillating circuit.

17 1n transmitting apparatus, a radiator, an oscillatin circuit containing pairs of inductance an capacit said pairs connected in parallel, means ii charging and discharging said capacities, and an associated oscil ating circuit intervening between said oscillating circuit and said radiator, said associated circuit having a higher natural fre-- quency than said first mentioned oscillating circuit.

J8. In transmitting apparatus, a radiator, an oscillatin circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity anddisposed in in ductive relation with said radiator, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging and discharging said capacities, and an associated oscillating circuit of higher natural frequency andgreater persistency than said first mentioned oscillating circuit.

19. In transmitting a paratus, a radiator, an inductance associate therewith, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity in inductive relation with said inductance, said pairs connected in parallel, means for chargm said capacities to low potential and for discharging said capacities, and a condenser forming with aportion of said inductance a closed oscillation circult.

20. In transmitting apparatus, a radiator, an inductance associate therewith, an oscircuit containing pairs of inductance an capacity in inductive relation with said inductance, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging and discharging said capacities, and a condenser formin with a portion of said inductance a closed oscillation circuit, said oscillation circuit having higher natural frequency and ,reater than said first mentions atmg'clrcuit.

21. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and on acity, 'said pairs connected in parallel, an means for periodically charging said capacities and for periodically discharging said capacities through a circuit containing only said capacities and inductances.

22. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillaosciltor comprising pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallcl,1neans for charging said capacities, and means for discharging said capacities through a path containing only said capacities and inductuuces.

23. In transmittilizg apparatus, an oscillalion circuit containing pairs of inductance and mpurity, said pan-s concerted n parullcl, means For charging said cngmcitics, menus for disclnirgiug said capacities through a closed 4' unit containing only said capacities and indulunces, and an associated oscillation circuit including capacity and. in dmtoncn only and. deriving energy from said ili'st mentioned oscillation circuit.

124. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillation circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging said capacities, means for discharging said capacities through said inductances, and an associated oscillation circuit including capacity and inductance only deriving energy from said first mentioned oscillation circuit.

25. In transmitting apparatus, 1m oscillation circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging said capacities, means for discharging said capacities through said inductances, and an. associated,

oscillation circuit including capacity and in" ductance only deriving energy from said first mentioned oscillation circuit, said associated oscillation circuit having higher natural frequency. than said first mentloned es cillation circuit.

'26 In transmitting apparatus, an oscillation circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, means for charging said capacities, means for discharging said capacities through said inductancesimd an associated oscillation circuit including capacity and indilctance only deriving energy from said first; mentioned oscillation circuit, said associated oscillation circuit being more persistent than said first mentioned oscillation circuit.

2'8. In transmitting apparatus. an oscilla tion circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected inpar--- nllel, means for charging said rupacitics,

means for discharging said capacities through said inductances, and an lifit' flciflilfltl oscillation circuit including capacity and inductance only deriving energy from said first mentioned oscillation circuit, said associated oscillation circuit having a higher natural frequency and groan-1 persistency than said first mentioned oscillation circuit.

28. in transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance its and on acity, a source 0f direct current,

means or subjecting said capacities to said source of direct current,-.and means for discharging said capacities through said in- 5 ductances. i

'29. In transmitting apparatus, an oscillating circuit containing pairs of inductance and capacity, said pairs connected in parallel, a source of direct. current, means for 10 charging said capacities by current from said source, and means for discharging said capacitles through sald nductance-s.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in the presence of the twu subscribing witnesses.

HARR Y SHOEMAKER.

\Vitncsses ANNA E. S'rmxnncit, I). Emurr. 

